Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world, covering an area of 8,510,418 square kilometers12. With a population of approximately 206 million people as of 2025, it ranks as the seventh most populous country globally3.

Government and Politics

Brazil is a federal presidential constitutional republic12. The current president is Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who took office in January 20233. The country's political system includes:

• A bicameral National Congress consisting of the Federal Senate and Chamber of Deputies
• A multi-party system with proportional representation
• Compulsory voting for literate citizens aged 18-70

Economy

Brazil has one of the world's largest economies, ranking among the top 10 in both nominal and purchasing power parity terms1. Key economic features include:

• A diverse economy with strong agricultural, industrial, and service sectors
• Major exports including agricultural goods, mineral resources, and manufactured products
• Significant income inequality, with a high Gini index coefficient7

Culture and Society

Brazilian culture is rich and diverse, influenced by various ethnic groups12:

• The official language is Portuguese
• Major ethnic groups include White (47.73%), Brown (43.13%), and Black (7.61%)
• Christianity is the predominant religion

Brazil is known for its vibrant music scene, including samba and bossa nova, as well as its passion for football (soccer).

Geography and Environment

Brazil's landscape is vast and varied3:

• Amazon rainforest covers a significant portion of the country
• The Pantanal, one of the world's largest freshwater wetlands
• 7,491 km of Atlantic coastline featuring famous beaches like Copacabana

Tourism

Brazil is a popular tourist destination, offering attractions such as4:

• Rio de Janeiro's iconic Christ the Redeemer statue and Sugarloaf Mountain
• The Amazon rainforest and river
• Iguaçu Falls
• Historic cities like Salvador and Ouro Preto

Challenges

Despite its strengths, Brazil faces several challenges137:

• Income inequality and poverty
• Environmental concerns, particularly deforestation in the Amazon
• Urban violence and crime in major cities
• Political corruption scandals

Brazil continues to evolve as a major player on the global stage, balancing its economic development with social and environmental responsibilities.